Ubuntu 下 Go 的安装过程

GCC 宣布对 Google Go 语言的支持，自己也来装个 Go 环境玩玩：

1. 添加 Go 的环境变量到文件 .bashrc 中，并重新登录：
   

   export GOROOT=$HOME/go
   export GOBIN=$HOME/gobin
   export GOARCH=amd64
   export GOOS=linux
   export PATH=$GOBIN:$PATH

   验证环境变量是否成功加入：
   

   root001@ubuntu001:~$ env | grep '^GO'
   GOARCH=amd64
   GOBIN=/home/root001/gobin
   GOROOT=/home/root001/go
   GOOS=linux

2. 安装源码管理客户端：
   

   root001@ubuntu001:~$ sudo apt-get install python-setuptools
   Reading package lists... Done
   Building dependency tree
   Reading state information... Done
   The following NEW packages will be installed:
     python-setuptools
   0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 18 not upgraded.
   Need to get 195kB of archives.
   After this operation, 909kB of additional disk space will be used.
   Get:1 http://mirrors.163.com karmic/main python-setuptools 0.6c9-0ubuntu5 [195kB                                                                                                                               ]
   Fetched 195kB in 3s (57.0kB/s)
   Selecting previously deselected package python-setuptools.
   (Reading database ... 47300 files and directories currently installed.)
   Unpacking python-setuptools (from .../python-setuptools_0.6c9-0ubuntu5_all.deb)                                                                                                                                ...
   Setting up python-setuptools (0.6c9-0ubuntu5) ...
   root001@ubuntu001:~$ sudo apt-get install python-dev
   Reading package lists... Done
   Building dependency tree
   Reading state information... Done
   The following extra packages will be installed:
     python2.6-dev
   The following NEW packages will be installed:
     python-dev python2.6-dev
   0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 32 not upgraded.
   Need to get 4,706kB of archives.
   After this operation, 14.8MB of additional disk space will be used.
   Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
   Get:1 http://mirrors.163.com karmic-updates/main python2.6-dev 2.6.4-0ubuntu3 [4,705kB]
   Get:2 http://mirrors.163.com karmic-updates/main python-dev 2.6.4-0ubuntu1 [976B]
   Fetched 4,706kB in 2min 9s (36.5kB/s)
   Selecting previously deselected package python2.6-dev.
   (Reading database ... 47451 files and directories currently installed.)
   Unpacking python2.6-dev (from .../python2.6-dev_2.6.4-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb) ...
   Selecting previously deselected package python-dev.
   Unpacking python-dev (from .../python-dev_2.6.4-0ubuntu1_all.deb) ...
   Setting up python2.6-dev (2.6.4-0ubuntu3) ...
   Setting up python-dev (2.6.4-0ubuntu1) ...
   root001@ubuntu001:~$ sudo easy_install mercurial
   Searching for mercurial
   Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/mercurial/
   Reading http://www.selenic.com/mercurial
   Best match: mercurial 1.4.2
   Downloading http://mercurial.selenic.com/release/mercurial-1.4.2.tar.gz
   Processing mercurial-1.4.2.tar.gz
   Running mercurial-1.4.2/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-j8YMBi/mercurial-1.4.2/egg-dist-tmp-SPCtzN
   zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
   mercurial.lsprof: module references __file__
   mercurial.extensions: module references __file__
   mercurial.help: module references __file__
   mercurial.templater: module references __file__
   mercurial.i18n: module references __file__
   Adding mercurial 1.4.2 to easy-install.pth file
   Installing hg script to /usr/local/bin
   
   Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/mercurial-1.4.2-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg
   Processing dependencies for mercurial
   Finished processing dependencies for mercurial

3. 下载源码：
   

   root001@ubuntu001:~$ hg clone -r release https://go.googlecode.com/hg/ $GOROOT
   requesting all changes
   adding changesets
   adding manifests
   adding file changes
   
   added 4712 changesets with 19773 changes to 3235 files
   updating to branch default
   1910 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved

4. 安装依赖库及编译 Go：
   

   root001@ubuntu001:~$ sudo apt-get install bison gcc libc6-dev ed gawk make
   [sudo] password for root001:
   Reading package lists... Done
   Building dependency tree
   Reading state information... Done
   gcc is already the newest version.
   gcc set to manually installed.
   libc6-dev is already the newest version.
   libc6-dev set to manually installed.
   ed is already the newest version.
   make is already the newest version.
   Suggested packages:
     bison-doc
   The following NEW packages will be installed:
     bison gawk
   0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 18 not upgraded.
   Need to get 823kB of archives.
   After this operation, 3,793kB of additional disk space will be used.
   Get:1 http://mirrors.163.com karmic/main gawk 1:3.1.6.dfsg-0ubuntu2 [549kB]
   Get:2 http://mirrors.163.com karmic/main bison 1:2.4.1.dfsg-1 [274kB]
   Fetched 823kB in 17s (47.4kB/s)
   Selecting previously deselected package gawk.
   (Reading database ... 47565 files and directories currently installed.)
   Unpacking gawk (from .../gawk_1%3a3.1.6.dfsg-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb) ...
   Selecting previously deselected package bison.
   Unpacking bison (from .../bison_1%3a2.4.1.dfsg-1_amd64.deb) ...
   Processing triggers for install-info ...
   Processing triggers for man-db ...
   Setting up gawk (1:3.1.6.dfsg-0ubuntu2) ...
   
   Setting up bison (1:2.4.1.dfsg-1) ...
   update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/bison.yacc to provide /usr/bin/yacc (yacc) in auto mode.
   update-alternatives: warning: not replacing /usr/share/man/man1/yacc.1.gz with a link.
   root001@ubuntu001:~$ mkdir $GOBIN
   root001@ubuntu001:~/go/src$ cd $GOROOT/src
   root001@ubuntu001:~/go/src$ ./all.bash
   rm -f *.o *.6 6.out lib9.a
   rm -f bbuffered.o bfildes.o bflush.o bgetc.o bgetrune.o bgetd.o binit.o boffset.o bprint.o bputc.o bputrune.o brdline.o brdstr.o bread.o bseek.o bwrite.o  *.6 6.out libbio.a
   ...
   --- cd ../test
   2 known bugs; 0 unexpected bugs
   

   我编译 Go 的过程中出错了，在 making libcgo 的时候，错误如下：
   

   %%%% making libcgo %%%%
   
   gcc -m32 -O2 -fPIC -o linux_386.o -c linux_386.c
   gcc -m32 -O2 -fPIC -o 386.o -c 386.S
   gcc -m32 -O2 -fPIC -o util.o -c util.c
   In file included from /usr/include/features.h:378In file included from /usr/include/features.h:378,
                    from /usr/include/stdint.h:26,
                    from /usr/include/pthread.h:23,
                    from libcgo.h:5,
                    from linux_386.c:5,
                    from util.c:5:
   :
   /usr/include/gnu/stubs.h:7:27:/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h:7:27:  error: error: gnu/stubs-32.h: No such file or directorygnu/stubs-32.h: No such file or directory
   
   make: *** [util.o] Error 1
   make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
   make: *** [linux_386.o] Error 1

   但是在 $GOBIN 下已经成功生成 8g/8l，可以一用，我也懒得折腾了。有达人知道如何解决，请不吝告知，thanks。
   上面的问题，在我找到组织（QQ 群 102319854）后，终于搞清楚了。原来是我弄错了架构（通过“cat /proc/cpuinfo”、“uname -a”查看确认），我是 64 位系统，并非 386，所以只需要第一步环境变量 GOARCH 从 386 改成 amd64 即可，^_^。
   

   root001@ubuntu001:~/go/src$  ls $GOBIN
   6a  6cov  6l   6prof  8c  8l   ebnflint  godoc  gomake  gotest  hgpatch
   6c  6g    6nm  8a     8g  cgo  godefs    gofmt  gopack  goyacc  quietgcc

5. 测试一下吧。
   

   root001@ubuntu001:~/foolbear$ cat hello.go
   package main
   
   import "fmt"
   
   func main() {
           fmt.Printf("hello, world\n")
   }
   root001@ubuntu001:~/foolbear$ 6g hello.go
   root001@ubuntu001:~/foolbear$ 6l hello.6
   root001@ubuntu001:~/foolbear$ ls
   6.out  hello.6  hello.go
   root001@ubuntu001:~/foolbear$ ./6.out
   hello, world

FYI：官方《Installing Go》